Improving Egg Production in the Old Chicken

Improving Egg Production in the Old Chicken

The egg production in the hen is complicated as it is involved with many system, including the Reproductive system and the Endocrine system. Today’s poultry industry has been dominated by the white leg horn breeds especially in the tropical countries like India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan for their commercial benefits of the optimum hen house production.

Author pic
Dr. Ram Moorthy D
CEO, Geenat
rammoorthyd@gmail.com
W: www.geenat.co.in
Phone: +91 93446 42382

Achieving the desired egg production in the old hens after 50 weeks is the real challenge in both the open and the Environmentally Controlled (EC) sheds, as the age advances, the breeding efficiency gradually slows down.

The ‘egg Production time’ in the Hen

The duration of the egg production in the commercial chicken is the deciding factor of each egg produced.

In young flock, it is lesser than 25 hours and in the old flocks, it is more than 25 hours. This duration decides the layer farm’s egg production.

Young flock <25 hours> Old flock
Young flock <25 hours> Old flock

How Chicken’s Oviduct makes eggs

Chicken’s Oviduct makes egg in the following steps:

  • Egg making Steps in Chicken’s Oviduct Infundibulum the mouth of the hen’s oviduct lengths about 9 cm receives a yolk within 10 to 30 minutes; the egg is fertilised if the sperm is present, otherwise the egg remains unfertilized.
  • Magnum the center portion of the hen’s oviduct lengths about 33 cm secretes albumen (egg white) and it’s layered around the yolk in and around 3 hours.
  • Isthmus the mid lower portion of a hen’s oviduct, length about 10 cm ; adds inner and outer cell membranes around the egg white in and around 1 hour.
  • Shell Gland is the real uterus of a hen’s oviduct positioned in the lower portion, length about 10 to 12 cm , adds sheel material to the egg. Pigments are added here to make the brown shell. The process takes about 20 hours.
  • In the Vent at the end of the oviduct, the egg passes through, before it was laid down.

Factors involved in the Egg production

  • Egg production factorsAge – High production in Young Flock and it gradually declines when the age advances.
  • Genetics – ‘Controlled Traits of a breed
  • Micro-Pathogen load– Viral, Bacterial & Fungi etc.
  • Disease Outbreak
  • Stress
  • Nutrition

Among the above factors we have a complete control on Nutrition especially through feed to improve the production in the old flocks that are above 48 weeks.

Nutrition for the old Chicken

We can tune the commercial Layer Feed Formulation above 48 weeks (Phase 2 – 48 to 65 weeks & Phase 3 – 65 weeks & above) with the following guidelines to achieve the maximum egg production and to improve the farm average egg production %.

Optimum CP – Crude Protein

In the layer feed for the old flcok (Phase 2 & 3) we need to give high energy diet to meet the bird’s BMR. However, we need to emphasize the optimum Crude Protein level 4% higher than the routine CP level irrespective of the breeds.

Optimum Amino Acids

We can maintain the Optimum Amino Acids level in the Phase 2&3. Optimum Methionine level can be not lesser than 0.4 & Lysiene level can be not lesser than 0.75. The above values are for 1 MT of feed.

Feed Additives

Vitamins & Minerals

We can top up the Vitamin & Trace Mineral premixes 10% higher than the regular dosage.

Emulsifier & Choline Chloride

Fat deposition in the old flocks will hamper the breeding efficiency and the egg production which is a natural and Adding Emulsifiers along with choline chloride can reduce the overall body fat and lean birds tend to yield more eggs. Dosage can be adjusted as per the local vet’s advice and brand claims.

Chromium Picolinate

There are studies and references available that chromium Picolinate improves the breeding efficiency in the laying hens. Chromium Picolinate a non-toxic chromium can be added in the layer feed for Phase 2 &3 as per the manufacturers’ label claims.

Anterior Pituitary – The Key Organ of a Laying Hen.

There are two Gonadotropin hormones ‘secreted in the Anterior Pituitary gland of the chicken which decide and determine the egg production of the chicken as the hormones link ovary & oviduct.

  • FSH – Follicle Stimulating Hormone.
    FSH maintains the matured follicles in the ovary which ensures the ovulation (egg production) at the chicken’s old age of 80+ weeks
  • LH – Luteinizing Hormone
    LH ruptures the matured follicles in the ovary and releases the ova.

Phytochemicals

    • There are many references that a few specific phytochemicals that are discussed here which can induce the endocrine system (Anterior Pituitary) of the Chicken and releases the Gonadotropin Hormones to improve the egg production. We can include the dry powder of these phytochemicals in the Phase 2- & 3-layer feed.
    • Asparagus racemosus – roots
    • Asparagus racemosus - rootsPueraria tuberosa
    • Pueraria tuberosaGlycyrrhiza glabra

Glycyrrhiza glabra Summary

Egg is an economical and affordable protein commodity, rich in nutrition. Moreover, egg can be consumed by all the age groups which is easily available for all the economical classes and it is without adulteration.

We need to ensure a high farm average of the egg production of every layer farm by implementing the nutritional guidelines discussed here by improving the production performance of the old age chicken.

The money invested for the value-added nutritional benefits discussed here will certainly ensure a high return through additional egg production and low egg breakage and the farmer can relish hassle-free farming.

We can use similar guidelines to the breeding farms to make the non-laying hens yield eggs which can improve the farm average of the egg production & better hatchability.

Author: Dr. Ram Moorthy D, CEO, Geenat

Previous article by same author: Pin Bone Syndrome in Commercial Chicken

Use of Bile Salts in Poultry Nutrition

Use of Bile Salts in Poultry Nutrition

Use of Bile Salts in Poultry Nutrition: A Scientific and Practical Approach

Introduction:
The poultry industry is under constant pressure to enhance feed efficiency, support rapid growth, and maximize profitability while maintaining animal health and sustainability. In this context, feed additives that improve nutrient utilization have become increasingly valuable. Among these, bile salts have emerged as a potent tool to improve fat digestion, energy utilization, and overall bird performance. Though bile salts are naturally produced in the liver, their supplementation in poultry diets—particularly in broiler chicks and birds consuming high-fat or energy-dense diets—has demonstrated notable benefits.

Dr. Pattath Damodar pic
Dr Pattath Damodar
Freelance consultant,
Bangalore India

This article provides an in-depth review of the science, mechanisms, applications, and experimental outcomes associated with the use of bile salts in poultry feed.

What Are Bile Salts:
Bile salts are amphipathic molecules synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and secreted into the duodenum through the bile duct. These compounds serve as natural emulsifiers, enabling the breakdown of dietary fats into smaller particles for better enzymatic digestion. The most common bile salts include cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, which are conjugated with amino acids like glycine or taurine. In poultry, especially in the early post-hatch period, the bile system is not fully developed.

Dr Sushant Labh pic
Dr Sushant Labh
Kemin Industries South Asia

Limited bile production may lead to suboptimal lipid digestion and poor utilization of energy, especially when birds are fed high-fat diets. Supplementing diets with exogenous bile salts compensates for this limitation, promoting efficient digestion and nutrient uptake.

Manufacturing/sourcing of Bile Salts:
Bile salts used in animal nutrition are typically manufactured through a multi-step process involving extraction, purification, and sometimes synthesis. Here’s a breakdown of how bile salts are manufactured, particularly for use in poultry feed.

Manufacturing/sourcing of Bile Salts:Mechanism of Action in Poultry Digestion:
The primary function of bile salts is to emulsify lipids in the digestive tract. Dietary fats are hydrophobic and tend to aggregate in the aqueous environment of the intestine. Bile salts convert these large fat globules into micelles, thereby increasing the surface area for the action of pancreatic lipase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

Additional Benefits:

  • Facilitate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K)
  • Improve cholesterol metabolism
  • Stabilize gut microflora and improve gut health

Applications and Benefits in Poultry Nutrition:

1. Enhanced Lipid Digestibility
The most immediate impact of bile salt supplementation is the improvement in fat digestibility, particularly in diets using:

  • Saturated fats (e.g., tallow, palm oil)
  • Economic but less digestible fat sources

Improved digestibility leads to higher energy availability for growth and metabolic functions.

2. Support for Young Chicks

Newly hatched chicks have immature livers and underdeveloped bile secretion. Bile salts in the starter diet:

  • Compensation for poor endogenous production
  • Improve early feed efficiency
  • Support gut development and health

3. Improved Growth Performance
Several studies have shown that exogenous bile salts lead to:

  • Increased body weight gain
  • Reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR)
  • Enhanced apparent metabolizable energy (AME)

4. Cost Efficiency
By improving the digestibility of cheaper fats, bile salts enable producers to reduce reliance on high-cost vegetable oils. This results in:

  • Lower feed costs
  • Optimized feed formulation
  • Improved profit margins

Performance Trials and Scientific Evidence:

Trial 1: Zhang et al. (2011)
Objective: Compare effects of bile salt supplementation on broilers fed tallow vs. soybean oil diets.

  • Design: 360 broilers; six treatment groups; bile salts at 0.1%
  • Results:
    • Tallow + bile salts → +9.2% body weight gain, +8.5% FCR improvement
    • Higher fat digestibility with bile salts

Reference: Zhang, B., Haitao, L., & Chi, Y. (2011). Poultry Science, 90(12), 2701–2709.

Trial 2: Xie et al. (2020)
Objective: Evaluate bile salt effects on broiler starter performance

  • Design: 400 chicks, bile salts at 0.05% and 0.1% (first 21 days)
  • Results:
    • +6.7% growth, lower FCR
    • +5.2% increase in AME
    • Lower serum triglycerides

Reference: Xie, M., Hou, S. S., Huang, W., & Fan, H. P. (2020). Animal Feed Science and Technology, 267, 114542.

Trial 3: Khan et al. (2017)
Objective: Use of bile salts with palm oil-based diets in broilers

  • Design: 240 broilers, bile salts at 0.1%
  • Results:
    • Fat digestibility: from 72.3% to 81.6%
    • Improved vitamin E absorption
    • Increased daily gain

Reference: Khan, R. U., et al. (2017). Livestock Science, 197, 92–97.

Summary of Trial Results:

Bile Salt Trial

Practical Guidelines for Use:
Inclusion Rates

  • Typical dose: 0.05–0.1% of the diet
  • High doses may not yield proportional benefits and could influence gut microbiota

Compatibility

  • Most effective when used with low-digestibility fat sources
  • Can be combined with lipase enzymes for synergistic effects

Sources

  • Commercially available bile salts are typically derived from bovine or porcine origins
  • Plant-based or synthetic alternatives are under research for use in vegetarian or religiously restricted feed systems

Limitations and Considerations:

  • Cost vs. Benefit: The cost of bile salts must be justified by performance gains
  • Quality of Product: Purity and origin matter—contaminants or low-grade sources may reduce efficacy
  • Bird Age and Diet Type: Younger birds and fat-rich diets show the most pronounced benefits

Conclusion:
Bile salts have proven to be a valuable feed additive in poultry nutrition, particularly when aiming to enhance lipid digestion, optimize energy utilization, and support early-stage chick development. Supported by substantial trial data, their use enables more economical feeding strategies and contributes to improved growth performance and feed efficiency. As the industry moves toward precision nutrition, incorporating additives like bile salts—especially in targeted phases of production, can play a pivotal role in achieving both economic and sustainability goals.

Authors:
Dr Pattath Damodar, Freelance consultant, Bangalore India
Dr Sushant Labh, Kemin Industries South Asia

Previous article by Dr Sushant Labh:

Recent Advances in Calcium and Phosphorus Nutrition for Broilers (An Indian Perspective)

CLFMA Of India Empowers Young Minds with First Ever Student Program Initiative

CLFMA Of India Empowers Young Minds with First Ever Student Program Initiative

For the very first time, CLFMA of India introduced a Student Program Initiative, opening new doors for young minds to engage with the livestock and animal nutrition sector. This unique platform was created to inspire, empower, and connect the next generation of researchers and professionals with the real-world challenges and opportunities of animal agriculture.

The initiative drew an overwhelming response, with 134 students from across the country participating. Students came forward with research and innovative ideas in four vital sectors — Poultry, Dairy, Swine, and Aqua. Topics ranged from the use of unconventional feed ingredients and gut health management in poultry to dairy management innovations under climatic stress, biosecurity in swine farming, and new technologies for aqua feed production. Each category encouraged students to blend scientific knowledge with practical approaches, showcasing their ability to shape the future of sustainable livestock practices.

To honor their creativity and hard work, the program awarded Gold, Silver, and Bronze winners in every sector. The Gold winner received ₹1 lakh, Silver ₹50,000, and Bronze ₹25,000, along with a ticket to Kochi and a complimentary stay, making the recognition both prestigious and rewarding.

The felicitation took place at the 58th AGM & 66th National Symposium 2025 in Hyderabad (India), where industry leaders and academicians applauded the students’ contributions. This initiative not only celebrated young talent but also marked a milestone in CLFMA’s efforts to build stronger bridges between academia and the livestock sector, ensuring that the sector is well-prepared for the future.

CLFMA of India - Student Awardees

CLFMA of India - Student Awardees

Mastering Water Quality for Optimal Poultry Performance

Mastering Water Quality for Optimal Poultry Performance

The Invisible Nutrient: Mastering Water Quality for Optimal Poultry Performance

In the hierarchy of poultry nutrition, water is often forgotten giant. While producers meticulously formulate feed rations down to micro-nutrients, water, which constitutes more than 70% of a chicken’s live weight, is frequently taken for granted. The reality, however, is stark: birds drink more water than the weight of the feed they consume. Consequently, water quality is not just a hygiene issue, it is a fundamental driver of feed conversion, gut health, and economic viability.

Water QualityAny attempt to trade off water quality for other reasons compromises the health and productivity of the birds. This article explores the critical role of water, the hidden dangers of poor quality, and actionable strategies for management.

The Physiology of Hydration: Why Water Wins

Water is irreplaceable. No alternative can replicate its multifaceted role in hydration, nutrient distribution, and thermoregulation. Its influence on production is direct and immediate.

Feed Intake Correlation: There is a linear relationship between water and feed. Birds typically drink 1.6 to 2 times the equivalent weight of feed. If water intake is limited, feed intake declines. Poor water quality alone can reduce feed intake by 10-20%.

Digestion and Metabolism: Water is the medium for metabolic reactions. It acts as a transport system for nutrients and helps soften and dissolve feed in the crop for smooth digestion.

Thermoregulation: Water helps regulate body temperature. Consumption spikes significantly during heat stress, increasing by 6% for every 1°C rise in temperature between 20-32°C.

The Enemies Within: Assessing Water Quality Risks

Water quality involves a complex interplay of physical, chemical, and microbial factors.

Hardness (Calcium & Magnesium): While these minerals can be beneficial to the animal, they are detrimental to drinking lines. Hardness leads to scale formation in pipelines, reducing water flow and interfering with the efficacy of vaccines and medications.

Iron: Excess iron promotes biofilm formation, causes bad odor, and favors bacterial growth. In birds, it interferes with nutrient absorption and promotes oxidative stress.

Nitrates/Nitrites: Nitrates indicate organic decomposition and are converted into nitrites in the gut. These bind to hemoglobin, reducing the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity.

pH Balance: Fluctuations in pH can lead to decreased water consumption, sanitization efficacy and compromised immunity.

The Biofilm Threat: Biofilm poses a significant threat to water quality, causing variations in key parameters that impact health. Biofilm acts as a reservoir for pathogens and can lead to clogged pipes, reduced water flow, and the continuous shedding of disease-causing organisms into the water supply.

Biological Contaminants: Water is a potent vector for disease. Contaminated supplies can transmit bacterial diseases like Salmonellosis and Colibacillosis (E. coli), as well as viral infections like Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease.

How does the water quality look across India?

Water qualityFluctuations in Water pH and Hardness levels are noted in poultry drinking water across diverse regions in India. Results in an average pH of 7.5, which exceeds the desired level of 6.5.

Microbes such as E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus thrive in an alkaline environment.

Decreasing the environmental pH by one unit to desired pH level of 6.5, can also lower the metabolic activity of microbial communities by up to 50%.

The Leaky Bucket: Where Traditional Management Fails

Many farms rely on a “leaky bucket” approach, using isolated methods that fail to address the total water quality picture.

Chlorination Limitations: Chlorine efficacy is highly pH dependent. At an alkaline pH (above 7), chlorine exists primarily as the hypochlorite ion (OCL), which is a weaker sanitizer. It requires a pH of 6.0–6.5 to exist as Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which is 80 to 300 times more effective at killing bacteria.

A Modern Roadmap: The 3-Step Management Program

To move from basic hydration to performance enhancement, Holistic roadmap adoption is essential

Step 1: Acidification – The Foundation

Water acidificationControlling pH is the key to success, with a target range of 5.5 to 6.5. Maintaining water pH within this range creates a gut environment that is unfavorable for pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli, while enhancing nutrient absorption. Acidification can improve protein digestibility by up to 5% and reduce the incidence of dirty eggs.

Maintaining the desired pH consistently with AcidLAC™ azure ensures better nutrient absorption, improved medication efficacy, and pathogen control. Acidification helps reduce harmful microbes, supports gut health, and boosts bird performance. Good water quality prevents disease, avoids mineral imbalances, and ensures uniform flock growth.

Step 2: Sanitation and Biofilm Control

Water SanitationSanitation must be continuous and supported by the right tools. Sustained pH control is critical for superior sanitization efficacy, especially when using chlorine. Regular pipeline cleaning is essential, flushing lines between flocks helps remove biofilm buildup. Specialized products like AcidLAC™ W restrict biofilm formation and support overall water quality management.

Step 3: Role of Filters on acidification

Filters are vital as they remove sediments, impurities, and contaminants, preventing blockages, and ensure effective use of acidifiers.

Economic Implications

Investing in water quality delivers a high return on investment. Proper water management can increase feed efficiency by improving protein digestibility by up to 5%. Additionally, maintaining optimal water quality reduces losses by lowering mortality rates, minimizing eggshell defects, and cutting medication costs associated with poor flock health.

Conclusion

Water is the “invisible” nutrient because it is transparent, yet its impact on the bottom line is substantial. By shifting focus from simple supply to active water quality management specifically targeting pH control, biofilm elimination, and consistent sanitation with expertise solution approach can unlock significant latent potential in poultry birds.

References on request

Managing Winter Stress in Poultry

Managing Winter Stress in Poultry

Winter poses significant challenges for poultry farmers. Cold weather, reduced daylight hours, and harsh environmental conditions can place stress on birds, negatively affecting their health, productivity and overall welfare. When the temperature drops below 55ºF during the winter season, a number of issues arise including poor feed conversion ratio in broilers, decreased egg production, lower weight gain, impaired fertility and hatchability, decreased water intake, etc. For this reason, poultry farmers are particularly concerned about how to manage their flocks during the winter.

Shaista Khan (author)
Shaista Khan
Microbiologist
shaikhan789@gmail.com

This article provides a detailed guide on how to manage winter stress effectively to maintain a healthy and productive flock.

Understanding Winter Stress in Poultry

Winter stress in poultry arises from environmental and physiological factors. These include:

  1. Cold Temperatures: Poultry are warm-blooded animals and must maintain a stable body temperature. When temperatures drop, they expend extra energy to stay warm, which impacts their growth and production. In chickens, the brain’s hypothalamus regulates this; if the temperature continues to drop, birds will produce more heat inside and send more blood to their extremities to keep warm.
  2. Shortened Daylight Hours: Light is a critical factor for laying hens and reduced daylight can significantly lower egg production.
  3. Poor Ventilation: Closed housing during winter may lead to dampness, poor air quality, ammonia buildup and increasing susceptibility to respiratory diseases.
  4. Nutritional Deficiencies: Birds may struggle to meet their increased energy and nutrient demands during winter if diets are not adjusted appropriately.

Economic Benefits of Managing Winter Stress

  • Investing in winter stress management may require additional resource but the benefits outweigh the costs.
  • Increased Productivity: Maintaining egg production and growth rates ensures profitability.
  • Reduced Mortality: Healthy, stress-free birds have higher survival rates.
  • Lower Veterinary Costs: Preventative measures reduce the need for costly treatments.

Effects of Winter Stress on Poultry

The consequences of unmanaged winter stress can be severe:

  • Reduced Egg Production: Layers often experience a decline in productivity due to both cold temperatures and decreased light exposure.
  • Slower Growth Rates: Broilers may struggle to gain weight as more energy is diverted toward maintaining body heat.
  • Increased Susceptibility to Disease: Stress weakens the immune system, making birds prone to infections, especially respiratory conditions, which is the primary cause in chickens exposure to cold stress.
  • Behavioural Issues: Overcrowding near heat sources can lead to aggressive behaviours like feather pecking.

Strategies to Mitigate Winter Stress

Effective management of winter stress involves optimizing nutrition, housing, and husbandry practices. Below are detailed strategies:

1. Nutrition Management

Proper nutrition is the cornerstone of managing winter stress. Birds require additional energy and specific nutrients to deal with the colder environment.

  • Increase Caloric Intake: During winter, birds use more energy to regulate their body temperature. Incorporating energy-dense feeds such as corn or wheat can help to meet these requirements.
  • Enhance Protein and Fat Content: Protein supports muscle maintenance and egg production, while fats are an excellent energy source. Adding soybean meal, fish oil or tallow to the diet can be beneficial.
  • Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation: Certain vitamins and minerals play a vital role in boosting immunity and productivity:
    • Vitamin A: Supports mucosal health and reducing susceptibility to respiratory infections.
    • Vitamin D: Essential for calcium absorption and crucial for eggshell quality.
    • Vitamin E and Selenium: Powerful antioxidants that improve immune function.
  • Electrolytes and Probiotics: These help to maintain gut health, enhance nutrients absorption and reduces the impact of stress.
  • Warm Water Supply: Provide access to clean, lukewarm water to encourage feed intake and preventing from dehydration.
2. Housing Management

Poultry housing plays a significant role in minimizing winter stress. Properly designed and maintained facilities can make a substantial difference.

Insulation and Heating:

  • Insulate walls, roofs, and doors to retain heat.
  • Use heat lamps or brooders to provide supplemental warmth, especially for chicks and young birds.
  • Position heat sources to prevent overcrowding.

Ventilation: While retaining heat is essential, proper ventilation must be maintained to prevent dampness and ammonia buildup. It is advisable to use adjustable vents or fans to ensure fresh air circulation without creating drafts.

Dry and Clean Bedding: Damp litter can lead to increased humidity and ammonia levels and also causing respiratory issues. Regularly replace bedding materials like straw or wood shavings to keep them dry and clean.

Space Allocation: Provide sufficient space to prevent overcrowding and reduce competition around feeders and heat sources.

3. Lighting Management
  • Daylight influences the laying cycle of hens. In the winter season, when daylight hours are reduced, supplemental lighting can help to maintain productivity.
  • Provide 14–16 Hours of Light: Use artificial lighting to extend the day length. LED or fluorescent lights are energy-efficient options.
  • Gradual Adjustments: Sudden changes in light duration can stress birds. Adjust lighting schedules gradually to mimic natural conditions.
4. Disease Prevention
  • Winter stress weakens the immune system, making birds more vulnerable to diseases. Preventative health measures are crucial.
  • Vaccination Programs: Ensure birds are vaccinated against common winter diseases such as infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease.
  • Biosecurity Measures: Limit access to wild birds, rodents, and other potential disease carriers. Maintain cleanliness in housing and equipment. Isolate sick birds to prevent the spread of infections among the other birds.
  • Regular Monitoring: Observe birds for signs of illness such as lethargy, reduced feed intake, sneezing or nasal discharge. Early intervention can prevent outbreaks.

5. Behavioural Management

Behavioural issues such as feather pecking and aggression can be shown during winter due to stress and overcrowding.

Provide Enrichment:
  • Keep birds engaged by scattering grains or providing hanging vegetables such like cabbages. This reduces boredom and aggressive tendencies.
  • Adequate Feeder and Waterer Space.
  • Ensure there are enough feeders and waterers to minimize competition and aggression.
Group Management:

Separate aggressive birds or overcrowded groups to maintain harmony.

6. Emergency Preparedness

  • Winter weather can be unpredictable and power outages or extreme cold snaps can exacerbate stress. Farmers should be prepared for such events.
  • Backup Power Sources.
  • Invest in generators to ensure uninterrupted heat and light supply.
  • Stockpile Feed and Water Supplies.
  • Maintain a reserve of feed and water to avoid shortages during snowstorms or transport disruptions.
  • Inspect Housing Regularly for monitoring and maintaining the healthy environment.
  • Check for leaks, drafts or other structural issues that could worsen during extreme weather.

Conclusion

Managing winter stress in poultry requires a holistic approach that combines proper nutrition, housing, disease prevention and proper care. By addressing these factors, farmers can ensure their flocks remain healthy, productive and resilient throughout the cold months. Proactive planning, attention to detail and consistent monitoring will not only reduce stress but also contribute to a successful and sustainable poultry operation.

YEP! Exclusive Mixer for Emerging Industry Leaders

YEP! Exclusive Mixer for Emerging Industry Leaders

Young Entrepreneurs of Poultry India (YEP!) Announces Exclusive Mixer in Hyderabad for Emerging Industry Leaders

YEP!), the nation’s fastest-growing community of next-generation leaders in the poultry sector, is excited to host the YEP Mixer | Hyderabad, an exclusive, invite-only networking evening bringing together the brightest young founders, directors, and innovators shaping the future of the poultry industry.

The event will take place on 26th November 2025, from 8:00 PM onwards at Akina, Hyderabad, and will convene 150+ dynamic entrepreneurs under the age of 45 for an evening of meaningful conversations, collaborative opportunities, and curated connections. Organized alongside the 17th edition of Poultry India Expo 2025, the Mixer further reinforces YEP!’s commitment to spotlighting and uplifting young entrepreneurial talent within the industry.

“As we welcome new members into the YEP! community, this mixer aims to foster deeper engagement among next-gen leaders who are driving innovation in India’s poultry ecosystem,” said the Organizing Team. “The evening has been designed not just for building contacts, but for facilitating conversations that count.”

The program will include:

  • A formal introduction of new members to the YEP! network
  • Interactive networking sessions
  • Cross-industry discussions focused on innovation, sustainability, and future market opportunities
  • A collaborative environment encouraging business synergies and partnerships

YEP! continues to champion a vibrant, forward-looking community of young entrepreneurs committed to elevating India’s poultry industry. The YEP Mixer in Hyderabad, aligned with the momentum of Poultry India Expo 2025, represents an important step toward fostering collaboration, leadership, and growth within this next generation.

Let’s connect, collaborate, and grow together!

For Media & Event Queries:
YEP Organizing Team

Smart Poultry – Smarter Profits: How AI Redefining Indian Poultry Sector Future

Smart Poultry – Smarter Profits: How AI Redefining Indian Poultry Sector Future

Introduction:

The Indian poultry industry stands at a defining inflexion point, where traditional farming meets the power of intelligent technology. With India now producing over 140+ billion eggs and more than 9.0 million tonnes of chicken meat annually, the sector forms the backbone of the country’s animal protein supply.

Fig: Trends and Projections in India’s Egg Production — Present Scenario and Five-Year Outlook

Fig: Trends and Projections in India’s Egg Production — Present Scenario and Five-Year Outlook

Author pic
Dr. Anjan Goswami (author)
Serial Entrepreneur, Researcher & Strategic Consultant
(More details…)

Egg production has surged from 37 billion in 2000–01 to 143 billion in 2023–24, with a projected output of 200 billion by 2030. Correspondingly, per capita availability has risen from 34 eggs per person in 2000–01 to 98 in 2023–24, and is expected to reach 135 by 2030.

This sustained growth highlights India’s expanding poultry sector, driven by rising demand for affordable protein, improved farming practices, and enhanced productivity — setting the stage for a robust, nutrition-secure future.

Chicken meat output is expected to rise steadily from around 9.0million metric tonnes (MMT) in 2025 to nearly 13 million MMT by 2030, reflecting consistent expansion in poultry production capacity and efficiency. In parallel, per capita availability of chicken meat is projected to increase from about 6.3 kg to 7.6 kg per person over the same period.

Fig: India’s Poultry Meat Outlook
Fig: India’s Poultry Meat Outlook: Rising Production and Consumption through 2030

This trend underscores India’s strong domestic demand for affordable animal protein, improved integration across poultry value chains, and the sector’s pivotal role in meeting the country’s nutritional and economic growth objectives.

Yet, as consumer demand accelerates and input costs rise, the industry faces an urgent need for more innovative, scalable solutions. This is where Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a true game-changer.

Far beyond mere automation, AI is transforming the poultry ecosystem by enabling predictive decision-making, real-time risk management, and data-driven efficiency at every level of production, from hatchery to retail. By integrating advanced analytics, machine learning, and behavioural insights, AI is helping producers optimise feed conversion, detect disease patterns early, and benchmark farm performance with unprecedented precision. The technology not only improves productivity and profitability but also elevates animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and food security, ensuring that India’s poultry value chain evolves into a more resilient, traceable, and intelligent system for the future.

The right approach to implementing AI in the poultry sector begins with identifying clear operational challenges and aligning technology with measurable outcomes. Rather than adopting AI as a trend, poultry businesses must take a data-first, problem-centric approach, mapping areas such as mortality prediction, feed optimisation, disease surveillance, and process adherence. The implementation should start with a controlled pilot program, using reliable on-farm data to build predictive models that can be validated scientifically for accuracy and economic impact. Once proven, the system can be scaled across farms via mobile or cloud-based platforms integrated with IoT sensors, farm management tools, and real-time dashboards. Continuous feedback loops, algorithm retraining, and farmer training in vernacular interfaces are critical to ensuring adaptability. By combining AI-driven insights with field experience, poultry enterprises can create predictive, efficient, and resilient production ecosystems that simultaneously enhance profitability and sustainability.

Why Poultry in India Needs AI

India’s poultry sector has been growing rapidly, but it faces persistent structural challenges: variable farm management standards, high mortality rates, feed-cost pressures, disease risks, and inefficient monitoring. In such a context, the introduction of AI-powered systems offers a powerful lever. AI can help move farming from a reactive to a predictive, data-driven paradigm, enabling integrators, farmers, and value-chain players to make timely decisions rather than respond to crises. For example, monitoring tools that detect deviations in mortality, feed consumption or growth rates in real time can trigger corrective actions before losses escalate.

Fig: AI systems using cameras, microphones, sensor arrays, and machine-learning models monitor flocks
Fig: AI systems using cameras, microphones, sensor arrays, and machine-learning models monitor flocks in real time to detect signs of distress, disease onset, or suboptimal welfare.

Key Areas of Impact

a) Health & Disease Management

AI models trained on bird behaviour, environmental sensor data, feed, and mortality logs are increasingly able to recognise early disease signals and risk patterns. This leads to earlier intervention, fewer flock losses, and reduced antibiotic use.

b) Feed Optimisation & Growth Efficiency

Feed costs constitute a significant expense in poultry production. AI systems can optimise feed formulations, adjust feeding schedules, predict growth curves, and monitor feed conversion ratios (FCR), thereby reducing waste and improving growth performance.

Fig: Innovative farming practices
Fig: Innovative farming practices: Use of AI in feeding behaviour

c) Environment & Welfare Monitoring

In poultry houses, conditions such as temperature, humidity, ventilation, ammonia levels, and lighting matter for both welfare and productivity. AI systems connected to IoT sensors and cameras can continuously monitor these variables and adjust controls to maintain optimal conditions.

Fig: Intelligent poultry farm automation and monitoring system
Fig: Intelligent poultry farm automation and monitoring system

d) Scale & Efficiency of Integrators

For integrated poultry companies, AI offers a way to tighten operational control across multiple farms, standardise performance, and scale productivity. The ability to aggregate data across farms, benchmark performance and push improvements is transformational.

Fig: Bird’s health solutions in a poultry farm
Fig: Bird’s health solutions in a poultry farm

e) Business Model Innovation

AI enables new business models, subscription-based analytics for farmers, performance-linked services for integrators, and data-driven revenue streams. Rather than simple commodity production, poultry farming becomes a service- and intelligence-based business.

Fig: Poultry house with IOT Sensors
Fig: Poultry house with IOT Sensors

The Indian Context: Opportunities & Challenges

In India, AI in poultry is more than theory. Pilots and early adopters are already showing measurable gains. AI & Automation are predicted to significantly boost India’s poultry production, creating affordable animal protein at scale. At the same time, there are challenges such as high implementation costs for sensors and analytics, variable digital literacy among farmers, connectivity issues in rural areas, reluctance to shift from traditional practices, and challenges with data integrity and maintenance.

Strategic Implications for Stakeholders

  • For Integrators & Farm Owners: AI offers direct ROI — lower mortality, better FCR, improved growth, cost savings and new revenue streams from data and services.
  • For Farmers (especially contract/affiliate farmers): Access to actionable intelligence, improved performance, higher alignment with integrators, and fewer losses.
Fig: AI-enabled Real-time data management for efficient farming practices
Fig: AI-enabled Real-time data management for efficient farming practices
  • For Tech/Agri tech Providers: A significant market opportunity exists to build scalable, vernacular AI platforms for the poultry industry. India’s monthly broiler placements are massive, making AI a high-leverage domain.
  • For Policy / Academia / Exporters: AI enables better traceability, welfare compliance, export-quality assurance, and may support India’s ambition to upscale poultry in a sustainable, competitive way.

What the Next 5-10 Years Might Bring

Fig: Digitally Empowered Poultry Farmers – Leveraging Mobile Applications for Smart Farm Management
Fig: Digitally Empowered Poultry Farmers – Leveraging Mobile Applications for Smart Farm Management
  • Wider adoption of digital twin farming models in poultry, leveraging AI + IoT to mirror real-world flock operations in virtual space, simulate outcomes and optimise decisions.
  • Deep learning and multimodal AI systems (using vision, audio, environment, and bird behaviour) are becoming mainstream for automated welfare, production, and risk monitoring.
  • Shift from “farm as commodity” to “farm as intelligence node”, poultry companies will not only raise birds but also provide predictive services, analytics and performance networks.
  • Integration of AI across upstream (feed, genetics), mid-farm (production) and downstream (supply chain, market forecasting) segments, creating end-to-end intelligent poultry ecosystems.
Fig: Innovative poultry farm monitoring systems
Fig: Innovative poultry farm monitoring systems

Why Now Is the Time for India

  • Poultry is already a high-volume segment in Indian agriculture, with strong demand for protein and rising value chains.
  • Technology costs (sensors, connectivity, cloud computing) are falling, making AI deployment viable.
  • Government support, Agri-digitisation initiatives and rising farmer connectivity are enabling infrastructure.
  • Competitive pressures (costs, scale, export quality) force players to look for differentiation, and AI provides it.

What Needs to Be Done for Successful Adoption

  • Develop vernacular, user-friendly AI platforms tailored for India’s small and medium farms, with minimal training and high usability.
  • Build affordable sensor-and-analytics bundles so even smaller farms can adopt AI economics.
  • Create data partnerships across farms and integrators to enrich and improve the accuracy of models.
  • Provide change management and training — farmer mindsets, supervisory culture and process adherence matter as much as technology.
  • Address data integrity, connectivity and maintenance issues — ensure sensor networks, reliable cloud infrastructure and local support.
  • Link AI deployment to business models that make sense (subscription, performance share, “pay-as-you-gain”) rather than one-time hardware cost.

Key Takeaways for Investors & Stakeholders

  • These examples show real-world, commercial applications of AI in poultry, not just academic concepts.
  • They prove that AI delivers value across the value chain: from hatcheries to farm environment & welfare to production forecasting & control.
  • For a company like yours, adopting such AI tools means operational uplift, cost reduction, risk mitigation, and the development of a differentiated, tech-driven business model.
  • It also supports scaling, geographically replication, distributed geographies, and the creation of defensible data/tech assets.

Conclusion

The potential of AI in India’s poultry sector is vast and tangible. From boosting margins, reducing risk, improving animal welfare, and creating new business models, AI isn’t just an incremental improvement but a strategic leap. For India’s integrated poultry industry to move from volume to value, from reactive to predictive, from commodity to intelligence, AI is the lever. The question for industry leaders is not if, but when and how fast they will incorporate AI into their operations. The window is open, the technology is ready, and the rewards are compelling. A scientific AI investment in poultry isn’t about betting on technology; it’s about creating a validated, data-driven model of production intelligence. The process mirrors the scientific method: observe → hypothesise → experiment → validate → scale. When executed correctly, it converts traditional poultry operations into innovative, profitable, and globally competitive ecosystems.

References available upon request.

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A Herbal Approach to Transform Genetic Potential into Consistent Productivity

A Herbal Approach to Transform Genetic Potential into Consistent Productivity

Reproductive health in poultry—particularly layers and breeders—is the cornerstone of successful commercial poultry production. Optimal egg production, fertility, hatchability, and eggshell quality are all dependent on a healthy and well-managed reproductive system. As the poultry industry seeks residue-free, eco-friendly, and sustainable alternatives to synthetic additives and antibiotics, herbal approaches are gaining attention as promising tools to enhance reproductive performance naturally.

A growing body of research and field experience now supports the use of medicinal herbs and phytogenic feed additives to improve reproductive health in poultry. These natural agents not only promote hormonal balance and reproductive organ function but also contribute to better overall health, leading to consistent egg production and superior egg quality.

This article explores how a synergistic blend of herbs—including Shatavari, Jivanti, Shilajit, Makoy, Kasni, Kantkari, Aloe vera, and Ashoka—along with chelated minerals and essential vitamins can naturally support and enhance reproductive health in poultry and optimize ovarian functions, egg production, and eggshell quality.

Understanding Reproductive Challenges in Poultry

Reproductive performance in poultry can be compromised due to:

  • Nutritional imbalances (especially calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins)
  • Hormonal disruptions due to environmental stress
  • Infectious diseases and poor immunity
  • Aging and oxidative stress on reproductive organs

These issues manifest in forms such as:

  • Poor yolk development
  • Declining egg production with age or environmental stress
  • Poor eggshell quality due to calcium or vitamin D3 deficiency
  • Reduced fertility or hatchability in breeders
  • Hormonal imbalances due to nutritional or environmental factors

In Layers, reproductive performance is primarily evaluated by:

  • Egg production rate
  • Egg weight and size
  • Shell strength and thickness
  • Yolk quality

In Breeders, attention is paid to:

  • Fertility and mating success
  • Hatchability
  • Sperm quality (in males)
  • Oviduct and ovarian function (in females)

Eggshell Quality: A Hidden Profit Lever

Poor eggshell quality leads to cracked or broken eggs, which cannot be sold, especially in commercial table egg production. Factors affecting shell quality include:

  • Inadequate calcium or phosphorus
  • Vitamin D3 deficiency
  • Poor intestinal health
  • Excessive stress or age-related decline

Conventional Approaches and Their Limitations

Traditionally, reproductive performance has been supported using synthetic hormones, antibiotics, and vitamin-mineral supplements. While these are effective, they pose concerns related to:

  • Antibiotic residues in eggs and meat
  • Development of antimicrobial resistance
  • Regulatory bans or restrictions on antibiotic growth promoters
  • Consumer demand for natural and organic products

This shift in consumer and regulatory trends has led to increasing interest in herbal feed additives and phytogenic compounds as viable and natural enhancers of reproductive health.

A herbal-nutritional approach targets these issues at their root by supporting the reproductive system, boosting hormonal balance, enhancing mineral absorption, and strengthening immunity.

The Herbal Approach: Nature’s Answer to Poultry Productivity

Herbs have been used for centuries in traditional medicine for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hormone-modulating effects. In poultry, certain herbs have shown significant promise in enhancing reproductive parameters, improving ovarian functions, egg production, eggshell quality, and boosting immunity.

Studies have shown that herbal additives can:

  • Increase laying rate by 5–15%
  • Improve shell thickness and reduce cracked eggs
  • Enhance yolk pigmentation without synthetic colorants
  • Improve hatchability in breeder flocks

Key Herbal Ingredients for Optimization of Ovarian Functions, Egg Production, and Eggshell Quality

Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) is revered as the “Queen of Herbs” for female reproductive health in Ayurveda. In poultry, it stimulates ovarian function, enhances egg-laying rates, and naturally balances estrogenic activity, making it a valuable addition to layer diets.

Jivanti (Leptadenia reticulata) serves as a powerful fertility enhancer and vitality booster. This herb improves uterine tone and egg formation while acting as a rejuvenator for reproductive tissues, supporting overall reproductive health in breeding birds.

Shilajit (Asphaltum punjabinum) is rich in fulvic acid, minerals, and antioxidants that boost energy and metabolism in poultry. It improves mineral absorption for better eggshell formation and enhances libido and reproductive performance, particularly beneficial for breeder males.

Makoy (Solanum nigrum) supports liver function and aids in detoxification and nutrient utilization. This herb helps prevent reproductive stress during high-production periods by maintaining optimal liver health and metabolic function.

Kasni (Cichorium intybus) acts as a hepatic stimulant that improves calcium metabolism and vitamin D utilization. It supports shell gland function, contributing to better eggshell quality and overall calcium homeostasis in laying birds.

Kantkari (Solanum xanthocarpum) improves respiratory health, which indirectly reduces stress on layers. It also supports hormonal health and enhances reproductive tract resilience, contributing to sustained production performance.

Aloe vera is widely recognized for its antioxidant and immune-boosting properties. In poultry, it improves gut health and nutrient assimilation while enhancing calcium retention, which directly improves eggshell strength and quality.

Ashoka (Saraca indica) functions as a reproductive tract toner in birds. It reduces inflammation in the reproductive tract and enhances uterine health, making it particularly valuable for breeding stock.

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Role of Chelated Minerals and Vitamins in Reproductive Success

Chelated forms of minerals demonstrate superior bioavailability compared to their inorganic counterparts. These minerals play crucial roles in eggshell formation and support optimal ovarian function.

Vitamin A is essential for maintaining the integrity of mucous membranes throughout the reproductive tract. It supports follicle development in hens and promotes healthy spermatogenesis in roosters, making it indispensable for breeding success.

Vitamin D3 plays a critical role in the absorption and metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Deficiency of this vitamin leads to soft-shelled or shell-less eggs, poor skeletal health, and significantly reduced egg production, highlighting its importance in layer nutrition programs.

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How Herbal and Nutritional Components Work Together

Combining adaptogenic herbs like Shatavari and Jivanti with metabolic enhancers like Shilajit, and hepato-protective agents like Kasni and Makoy, results in:

  • Improved egg production and laying persistence
  • Stronger eggshells due to better calcium absorption and utilization
  • Enhanced fertility and hatchability in breeders
  • Reduction in stress-induced reproductive decline
  • Better hormonal modulation without synthetic hormones

Conclusion

The reproductive health of poultry layers and breeders is critical for the economic viability of any poultry operation. With rising concerns over antibiotic use and consumer demand for natural products, herbal approaches offer a sustainable, safe, and effective alternative.

The integration of herbal ingredients such as Shatavari, Jivanti, Shilajit, and Aloe vera with chelated minerals and essential vitamins A and D3 offers a powerful, natural approach to improving reproductive health in both layers and breeders. This holistic strategy not only supports the endocrine and reproductive systems but also enhances overall health, immunity, and productivity without relying on synthetic hormones or antibiotics.

As the poultry industry moves toward sustainable and residue-free production, herbal-nutritional solutions are no longer a supplement—they are becoming a necessity.

Author:

Dr. Rakesh Tiwari,
Global Techno Commercial Head,
Vamso Biotec Ltd

The author is a seasoned veterinary professional and animal nutrition expert with extensive experience in phytogenic feed additives and poultry reproductive management. He is passionate about bridging traditional herbal wisdom and modern poultry science.

NUQO Appoints Ajay Kumar Tiwari as RSM – West & Central India

NUQO Appoints Ajay Kumar Tiwari as RSM – West & Central India

Bengaluru, India – Nuqo Animal Nutrition India Pvt. Ltd. is pleased to announce the appointment of Ajay Kumar Tiwari as Regional Sales Manager – West & Central India, effective 5th September 2025. He will be based in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, and will report to Dr. Krishnamurthy, Commercial Director.

Ajay Kumar Tiwari
Ajay Kumar Tiwari

Ajay brings with him more than 16 years of experience in sales and business development in the animal nutrition industry. He has worked with leading organizations such as Cargill and Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., where he gained significant expertise in driving growth, building customer relationships, and managing key accounts.

A proactive planner and leader, Ajay specializes in strategic planning and execution and has a strong track record in key account management, consistently delivering business growth and customer satisfaction.

“We are delighted to welcome Ajay to NUQO©,” said Dr. Krishnamurthy, Commercial Director, South Asia. “His strategic mindset, strong leadership, and customer-focused approach will play a crucial role in strengthening our presence in West & Central India and supporting Nuqo’s growth in South Asia.”

Neeraj Kumar Srivastava
Managing Director
NUQO Animal Nutrition India Pvt. Ltd.

Neeraj Kumar Srivastava, Managing Director – South Asia, added: “Ajay’s appointment reflects our commitment to building a strong and talented leadership team in India. His experience, energy, and ability to execute strategies will be invaluable as we continue to expand Nuqo’s footprint and deliver innovative solutions to our customers across the region.”

Ajay is a graduate of APS University, Rewa (Madhya Pradesh). His deep understanding of the industry, combined with his ability to build long-term partnerships, makes him a valuable addition to Nuqo’s expanding India team. With this appointment, NUQO© reaffirms its commitment to building a strong leadership team and delivering innovative, sustainable solutions for the animal nutrition industry.

About NUQO©
NUQO© is a pioneer in combining phytogenics & phycogenics with a unique and cutting-edge micro- encapsulation technology that preserves efficacy and ensures optimal release of active ingredients.

Based on this expertise, NUQO© promotes various solutions that help professionals to better address challenges related to performance, health or welfare of animals.

National Recognition for Professor Jyoti Palod with CLFMA Award 2025

National Recognition for Professor Jyoti Palod with CLFMA Award 2025

Hyderabad: Professor Jyoti Palod from the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pantnagar, has been honored with the prestigious CLFMA Award 2025 in recognition of her 30 years of exemplary service in teaching, research, and extension in livestock and poultry production.

The award was conferred during the 66th National Symposium of CLFMA of India, held at Hotel Taj Deccan, Hyderabad, on August 22, 2025. The honor was jointly presented by Prof. S. P. Singh Baghel, Union Minister of State for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, and Mr. Vakti Srihari, Minister of Animal Husbandry & Fisheries, Government of Telangana, in the presence of Mr. Divya Kumar Gulati, President of CLFMA, along with eminent dignitaries.

Professor Palod’s distinguished career spans over three decades, during which she has made remarkable contributions to animal nutrition, livestock, and poultry production. She has guided 11 postgraduate and 3 doctoral students, authored numerous impactful research papers, and worked at the grassroots level to uplift farmers’ livelihoods.

Notably, Professor Jyoti Palod is among the few women scientists to receive this recognition, making her a trailblazer and an inspiration in the livestock sector. Her achievement has been widely appreciated by professional societies and students, who hail her as a role model for the next generation.